11 Tips for Getting the Salary You Want

11 Tips for Getting the Salary You Want Pay arranging can be unnerving especially for passage level specialists who feel they still can't seem to demonstrate their conspicuous worth to the calling and aren’t permitted to request what they need. Here are 11 hints that will assist you with getting the pay you want.1. Know thyselfKnow what a run of the mill representative makes at that particular employment level in that industry. Yet additionally gauge that against your specific abilities and experience, and the amount you know you’re worth. Do you think you merit the higher finish of the beginning extent? At that point request it. Realize what you need and afterward allow them to offer it to you. It never damages to ask.2. Stay coolYou truly need this activity. In any case, that doesn’t mean you should simply take the primary compensation offer they make. Opening the lines of arrangement won't cost you the activity. Not opening them may, notwithstanding, cost you the compensation you deserve.3. Ask high erWant a 25% climb in compensation? Request 35%. They’ll cut it down and think they’ve won the day. You’ll still get what you need.4. Be popularThe most ideal approach to get what you need from one business is to have a counteroffer from another. Show you have a lot more alternatives and offers. Make them sweat a piece that they won’t land you. Give them how exceptionally different organizations esteem you.5. Think advantages and bonusesDon’t neglect to consider when contrasting the compensation you’re at present arranging and your past pay bundle. Also, don’t overlook they can be helpful additional items to improve upon your arrangement on the off chance that you can’t get the dollar sum you asked for.6. Keep your headDon’t be touchy or sulk. Don’t be forceful. Remain quiet and consistent and present your case like an adult. Act like an adult and HR will treat you like one.7. SnoopIt’s in every case great to have some thought what your partners are making before you go into arrangements. This gives you an extraordinary feeling of range. On the off chance that you’re moving to another organization, check whether you can’t discover somebody who knows somebody who may know generally what the compensation bundles are at that organization for your position.8. Be thoroughMake certain you get the entirety of the subtleties. Talk through your compensation breakdown line-by-line and abstain from being shocked on payday.9. Don’t be greedyAt the day's end, compensation isn’t everything. In the event that this is your fantasy organization, you can most likely stand to work for them for somewhat less than you would make at the rat organization of fate and boredom. On the off chance that they’re not being irrational with you, yet just can’t give you what you’re asking, don’t storm out without thoroughly considering it. Keep in mind: youâ€⠄¢re playing the long game here.10. Be ballsyIf you can bear to, and this isn’t your dreamiest of dream employments, it’s alright to leave now and again. You can say ‘no.’ Sometimes demonstrating your back in transit out the entryway can be what really gets you what you need. Just don’t bank on this incident. Possibly leave arrangements in the event that you can be OK with its chance consummation there.11. Realize when to overlap ‘emDo these things before you get your offer letter. When that thing hits your inbox, all composed up and official-looking on the organization letterhead, that’s the official number. HR isn’t going to budge.Remember to get your work done, have an away from of what you’re worth, and request something inside the domain of decency. Odds are, you’ll get it. Most dire outcome imaginable: you’ll have taken in an important expertise that will serve you next time-and all through your entire vocation.

To what extent the laws on foreign invested enterprises in China have Essay

What exactly degree the laws on remote put endeavors in China have changed in accordance with China' WTO enrollment - Essay Example In addition, the ‘dual charge system’ has driven towards inconvenience of various expense rates that are relevant to FIEs and Chinese ventures. FIEs in China have ideal expense treatment in contrast with household Chinese undertakings. The FIEs are encouraged with uncommon duty rates just as finding of charges alongside charge occasions 1(LI 2008). The People’s Republic of China (PRC) Enterprise Income Tax Law, from the earliest starting point of the year 2008 has built up a bound together expense framework that is pertinent for both household Chinese endeavor and FIEs. As per the updated PRC law, it has been seen that a personal duty charge of 25 percent is relevant for all business endeavors of China2. In December 2001, China agreed towards noteworthy World Trade Organization (WTO) that manages exchange guidelines between various countries, at last changed the situation of the business law condition of China3. In such manner, WTO had contrived noteworthy changes for various FIEs in China that underlined after limiting levy rates just as opening new divisions for remote speculation. In addition, WTO has additionally changed the lawful framework which incorporates security of licensed innovation just as control of outside exchange4. The conversation expects to stress after analyzing the memorable foundation, improvement and highlights of Chinese law administering the types of association having a place with FIEs. In addition, the WTO sway upon the change of Chinese business law will likewise be depicted in the conversation. Primary Body Historic Background and Development of FIEs The noteworthy foundation and the advancement of Chinese law overseeing the types of associations of FIEs can be isolated into three stages that have been talked about hereunder. The Initial Stage (1979-1986) In the year 1979, a law on Chinese-Foreign Joint Ventures was affirmed and it was the main law of the State Council of China that is identified with outside sp eculation utilization. The Chinese State Council from the year 1979 to 1980 had given great just as adaptable strategies as to outside ventures. So as to build up the Chinese economy when contrasted with Soviet Union, China built up a legitimate framework dependent on Soviet Union lawful structure. In this comparative setting, it was seen that Hong Kong just as Macao was respected to be the major outside financial specialists in China and speculations were for the most part made in assembling units just as lodgings which are for the most part work intensive5. Consistent Development Stage (1987-1991) In the year 1986, the State Council affected a law identifying with the improvement of outside ventures for the rationale of limiting issues between household Chinese undertakings and FIEs. Additionally, the law helped in wiping out the issue of cash trade for outside financial specialists and it likewise encouraged the remote speculators and fare organizations to receive noteworthy rewa rds. During this stage, remote ventures expanded in send out undertakings just as assembling enterprises alongside high innovation businesses and its extension in numerous business territories was additionally been watched 6. Quickened Development Stage (1992-1999) In the year 1993, it has been seen that the measure of remote inve

How to Find a Supplier for Your Products in India

How to Find a Supplier for Your Products in India India is becoming an increasingly popular destination for finding product suppliers. The country has been pushing an entrepreneurial agenda and has reduced obstacles for both, Indian as well as foreign companies. © Shutterstock.com | YURY TARANIKThis guide will provide you with some thoughts on the benefits and risks associated to using an Indian supplier. You’ll also be able to find tips on how to find a suitable supplier and start ordering products. Since we’ve previously looked at how to find suppliers in China, we will compare the two countries at the end to help you decide which option is better for your business.QUESTIONS TO ANSWER BEFORE LOOKING FOR AN INDIAN SUPPLIERIndia is enhancing its position on the global stage quite quickly. Recently, its economy has been growing faster than the Chinese economy. In 2015, the Indian government launched its “Make in India”-campaign, which aims at attracting more businesses to the country and at increasing  the countrys status as manufacturing location.But before you head out to India, you need to consider the benefits and risks. You should also know why you want to find a supplier in India in the first place.Do you want to sell your prod ucts in India or simply cut manufacturing costs?Finding a supplier in India might be more reasonable, if you are also planning to sell your products on the Indian market. This could be a perfect way to cut down logistics costs, although you should be aware of logistics issues in India. Moreover, India could also be a viable entry point to other growing Asian economies.On the other hand, if you are considering India simply to save costs, you need to consider your other options as well. Labor costs in India are, for example, still higher than in China and therefore, you might find cheaper suppliers elsewhere in Asia.What type of quality do you expect?Naturally, you should consider the product quality as well. Indian suppliers are catching up with Chinese and even western suppliers when it comes to product quality.Are you prepared for the complex legal landscape?You also need to be aware of the complex legal landscape in India. Labor laws protecting workers have improved over the years , but this could occasionally put companies into awkward situations if their supplier does not comply with these standards. Therefore, you should be aware of the contractual obligations before you sign any permanent contracts with your Indian supplier.Payment issues are relatively straightforward in India. Since most major western banks operate in the country, this aspect of doing business with an Indian supplier shouldn’t be  too problematic.Can you deal with a different business culture?India is culturally extremely diverse. Hence, business etiquette can be quite different, depending on where you actually are. As cultural differences can easily cause confusion when meeting or dealing with Indian business partners you should familiarize yourself with the Indian approach to business first. It cant harm to hire an intercultural consultant if you feel insecure in this matter. However, in bigger cities there is an understanding about western businesses and what customers, as well as businesses, expect from Indian suppliers.Check out the below CNN clip over the challenges of doing business in India: UNDERSTAND YOUR NEEDS â€" WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM A SUPPLIER?Besides understanding the benefits and risks of finding a supplier in India, you should also define your needs before venturing into the country. You should have a clear idea of what you expect from the supplier, not only in terms of the actual product, but also when it comes to the entire business process.Before you start selecting potential suppliers, analyze your needs asking yourself the following questions.Do you want a manufacturer or a third party supplier? You should be clear about the type of supplier you are looking for to guarantee you don’t waste time talking to the wrong businesses. The process can differ if you wish to work directly with a manufacturer rather than a supplier.Do you wish to deal with a small company or a big corporation? Larger corporations often have better resources availab le, with the process running smoother. On the other hand, the costs can be higher and you might be required to order a certain amount of products. Small companies can be a viable option â€" the relationship is often closer and they might be able to adapt the product according to your individual needs.What is your budget? Be clear about your budget, as you can easily end up spending a lot more money than you want to. Ensure your supplier outlines all the associated costs upfront, as you don’t want to find out about additional expenses later down the line. Furthermore, make sure to check whether the possible deposit will be paid back in case the products aren’t of an adequate quality.What product/service features are essential? What features do you consider a bonus? Finally, you need to carefully analyze what you want from the product, as well as the customer service you expect. Are there certain features, which are essential? Could you do without certain features? This way, you w ont be surprised by the final product or end up paying for things you don’t even need from the supplier.Answering the above questions can save time and money. Since you are more aware of the service and product you are looking for, you won’t waste your time talking with inadequate suppliers. The above is also vital information for sourcing agents and lawyers you might use during the process.BEGIN YOUR SEARCH â€" USE ONLINE AND OFFLINE RESOURCES TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL SUPPLIERSOnce you’ve clearly defined the type of supplier you want and set your mind on finding one in India, it’s time to begin searching for the right supplier. There are a number of options available in India, with some suppliers offering better service and product quality than others. Finding the best option in the sea of suppliers won’t happen overnight and you should be prepared to conduct proper research before you place any orders.It’s a good idea to keep track of suitable suppliers with a simple spre adsheet. You can add basic information to the file as you conduct research, which allows you to delve deeper into the candidates later on. Just include the supplier’s name, contact details, website address and any other possible notes in your file for further reference.Conduct preliminary research on the InternetYour first point of research should be the Internet. Google search “suppliers in India” and you will find tons of information on possible candidates and get further insights into the process. If you want to narrow down your search, use keywords related to your business and the industry. For example, you could search for “technology suppliers in India”.Furthermore, you definitely want to check out social media channels. Platforms like LinkedIn are full of professional groups focusing on Indian suppliers. You can easily connect with suppliers, as well as other companies who operate in India through these channels. You should visit groups such as PCB India and Indian Trade Network.Browse B2B websitesB2B websites and business directories are a handy way to find suppliers. Whilst there are numerous websites out there, the below sites are worth visiting:TradeIndia.comIndiaMart.comAlibaba.com  The above sites are trusted platforms, but be aware that certain sites or suppliers in these directories are not always legitimate. It’s important to use verified and certified websites and suppliers to avoid any issues with your orders.Talk to trade organizations and business chambersYou should also connect with different trade organizations and business chambers operating in India. For example, your country might have a business chamber in India, which is able to connect you with Indian suppliers directly. Don’t forget that you can also contact business chambers and trade organizations of other countries. If you operate in Europe, the European Union’s business chamber in India can provide you plenty of resources.You can find trade organizations and bus iness chambers by searching them with keywords such as “[country] business chamber India” or “[country] trade organization India”.Furthermore, there are a number of trade associations and trade shows which operate in India. These are great for contacting suppliers and talking to them directly. Large industry trade shows in your country are likely to have Indian representatives as well. Before you attend these trade shows, you can contact the organizers to ensure Indian suppliers are represented.In addition, you could visit India and participate in trade shows there. Most of the trade fairs take place annually and they are generally industry specific. A large number of these fairs typically take place in Mumbai, which is the centre of Indian trade.Finally, GlobalSources.com organizes sourcing events online. These, together with their private sourcing events, can be a great chance to find an Indian business partner.Network with other companiesWhen you are setting your sight on foreign suppliers, it’s beneficial to research your competition. You want to know whether your competitors are using foreign suppliers and if so, where are they sourcing their products.Furthermore, you should also look beyond your rivals and talk to other companies, whether they operate in the industry or not, to understand the benefits and risks of sourcing in India. There are plenty of companies doing business in India that may help you to get in touch with local suppliers or sourcing agents.In addition, these companies can help you understand the process better so you can avoid some of the pitfalls of using Indian suppliers.Consider hiring a sourcing agentFinally, you might want to consider using a sourcing agent. If you don’t have time to conduct research on your own or you don’t feel confident in your ability to find a suitable supplier, sourcing agents can do all the hard work for you.Obviously, sourcing agents will add to your overall costs, but you should consider whe ther the additional expenses are worth it. Be aware that different agencies might operate under different fee structures, which could cause additional costs in case things don’t go according to your plan. Therefore, be aware of the fees before you hire an agent.Furthermore, just like with B2B websites and directories, there are all sorts of sourcing agents out there. You need to check the agency’s credibility and license before you sign a contract with them. Again, you could ask business chambers or other businesses, which have chosen this route, to provide feedback and contact information of suitable candidates.CONTACT YOUR SUPPLIER CHOICES, DONT BE AFRAID OF A FACE-TO-FACE MEETINGThe above channels should help you discover a number of suppliers in India. Once you have enough potential candidates in your file, you can start approaching these companies. The good news is that Indians generally are proficient in English and therefore communication shouldn’t be a problem.It’s a lso worth noting that many Indian suppliers have representatives operating in other countries. This is especially true nowadays, after the Indian government has launched the “Make in India” campaign. You can check out whether your potential suppliers have local representatives and arrange a face-to-face meeting with them.If you’ve previously made any local contacts in India, you can use these relationships as a point of reference as well. Business chambers operating in India can be especially valuable at this point.You can also visit India yourself to meet face-to-face with suppliers. If you are planning such a trip, remember to arrange the meetings before booking your flights. This ensures that you make the most of the visit and are able to meet with as many suppliers as possible.At this point, you should also hire a law firm to help you with legal due diligence and other related paperwork.CHECK THE PRODUCT QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SERVICEAfter the initial contact with some of th e suppliers, you can narrow down your list further and order sample products from them. It’s important to only start with a small order, as you don’t want to end up with thousands of products, which aren’t what you needed. A sample batch will guarantee you are happy with the quality.When you are ordering the samples, remember to focus on two things:The quality of the product â€" Are the products exactly what you wanted? If there are issues with the quality, can they be fixed? When you receive the sample products, test them with your customers or friends and family. Do they like them? What sort of feedback are they providing to you?The quality of the service â€" Focus also on how the supplier deals with the order. Are you satisfied with the customer service? How does the supplier respond to your queries and issues?If you aren’t satisfied with either the product or the service, don’t hesitate to walk away from the deal. You should first see if the supplier is responsive and able to handle the small issues. You don’t want to waste time with a non-responsive or non-cooperative partner.FOLLOW UP, FINALIZE THE DEAL AND BUILD A LONG-TERM RELATIONSHIPFinally, after you’re satisfied with the samples, you can follow up with your chosen supplier and finalize the deal. Take your time building up the relationship and create a better working relationship with the supplier. Also, keep an eye on the product quality. It might change after time, so consistent quality assurance on your side is mandatory.At this point, you should hire a legal expert to help you out with the documents. Whilst it’s possible to draft the documents on your own, having a legal expert on your side can provide extra peace of mind. If you aren’t expert in dealing with foreign suppliers, external help can close the knowledge gap.You should also negotiate the payment process with the Indian supplier. As mentioned above, many major banks operate in the country to make the process smoother. Furthermore, you can also consider the benefits of using services such as Escrow and Paypal, especially if the payments are relatively small.Finding a supplier for your products in India will take a bit of time and you don’t want to skip doing research. There are a number of benefits to using an Indian supplier, but you also need to be aware of the risks and potential hurdles. Remember to consider your options before you select an Indian supplier. Other foreign suppliers might be worth considering and you could even find better alternatives closer to home.CHINA VS. INDIA â€" WHICH ONE SHOULD YOU CHOOSE?If you have read our article “ How to find a supplier for your products in China” you may want to compare the strengths and   weaknesses of both countries.China’s strengths still lie in its low cost suppliers, with the country enjoying improved quality control and enhanced technological expertise. Businesses in China have been operating with foreign companies for quite a few years now and mutual understanding over business practices has improved. On the other hand, the legal landscape in China can be quite complex and you need to be careful with things such as intellectual property rights.India is also building up its expertise on a global stage.. The country is also more accustomed and open when it comes to foreign businesses, which can be a huge advantage. The downside in India is that the country’s logistics are still underdeveloped and the legal framework can be difficult, especially in terms of contractual agreements.Ultimately the choice boils down to what type of supplier you are looking for. Both countries offer huge market opportunities and there are a number of high-quality and cost-effective suppliers in these countries. It is important to map out your needs first before looking into what benefits either country can provide for your business.

Violence in Sports - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 751 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Violence in Sports Brian Thompson American Military University SPMT601 Pamela J. Wojnar Abstract Sports and violence are complimentary to one another. In some sports, violence is merely a byproduct of the competition. In other sports violence is expected. Certain sports require a predisposition toward violence to be successful while others encourage an over-conformity to the norm with regard to violence. The more violent the athlete plays, the better for him and his team. Violent behavior is not limited to the players on field. Fans and spectators can fill a role when it comes to violent behavior. Although it is not expected as it is among the players, fans will engage in violence as a way of expressing, or reacting, to their emotional involvement with the sport. 1. On-the-field violence is related to a number of things including over-conformity to the norms of the sport ethic, commercialization, and masculinity. Which of these factors accounts most for the level of brutal body contact that occurs in professional football in the United States? Explain your choice. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Violence in Sports" essay for you Create order Choice: Over-conformity to the norms of the sport ethic is the best choice. Explanation: The reason is that there are certain expectations of competition especially in contact sports such as pro football. To survive and excel in such a physical game as pro football the athletes must maintain over-conform to a certain extent. They must play the game in such a way that they maximize their earning potential. The average life span for a pro player is around 3 years. For an athlete to secure lifelong financial security they must play with a level of physicality that warrants their need to the team. This is a minimum expectation not taking into account other factors such as athleticism and execution of techniques. 2. After reading a report of a male athlete who has assaulted a woman, one of your friends says, â€Å"Playing sports causes men to be violent. † She knows you are taking a course on the sociology of sport, and she wants you to respond to her conclusion. What do you say? Marv Levy, former head coach in the NFL, once said, â€Å"Football doesn’t build character, it reveals character. Much like what is discussed in the textbook of the correlation between success on and off the field is sometimes more related to the fact that the athletes were driven individuals before they played sports, violence is also something that falls into this category. Its is within human nature to inflict pain on others, especially when we compete for the same resources. The boundaries of society suppress the action of this drive to hurt. That is a good thing of course. The state ment â€Å"playing sports causes men to be violent† is not accurate. I believe that men with a more natural tendency toward violence play sports. Sports, especially contact sports, are an outlet for aggressive individuals. Aggressiveness and physicality are both traits that coaches and organizations look for in athletes that play contact sports. So with that being said the tendency toward being violent is apparent before the person ever plays. 3. You are the new principal of a school that is hosting a game between your #1 ranked football team and the #2 ranked team in your division. There is a deep, longstanding rivalry between the schools and a history of player and spectator violence during games. After reading Ch. , what measures would you take to control player and spectator violence on and off the field? There would definitely be a meeting among the coaches involved with our team to clearly explain expectations of the players and staff. Secondly I would personally meet with the athletes to spell out exactly what expect from them in terms of conduct. Letters and phone calls would be made to the parents of the student body letting them know that any conduct that is deemed out of order would be handled by the police officers on duty at the game and the school would bring charges against them. I would also have hand outs ready for fans as they enter the stadium outlining our procedure for those that violate orderly conduct policies. As a principal, I would attempt to meet with the principal of the other school and ask him to make comparable steps to help ensure the safety of everyone involved. Lastly I would do all I could to make the presence of security personnel such as faculty, staff, and police officers, visible for all to see. Hopefully we could avert any trouble before it happens.

The Monkey Wrench Gang The Law breaking Heroes Essays

The Monkey Wrench Gang: The Law breaking Heroes nbsp; Everyone knows that breaking the law is bad and anybody who does is a criminal, but Edward Abbey author of The Monkey Wrench Gang (1975), puts a twist on those thoughts. The Monkey Wrench Gang is an adventurous novel about a gang of environmentalists who set out to destroy bulldozers, bridges, cars, trains, signs or anything that is destroying their beautiful country, the American southwest. Through characterization and description Edward Abbey glorifies the art of law breaking and leaves his readers rooting for his heroic criminals. nbsp; In the Monkey Wrench Gang there are four main characters: Bonnie Abbzug, Doc Sarvis, Seldom Seen Smith and George Hayduke. As†¦show more content†¦Seldom is a Mormon with three wives that he seldom sees, hence his name. Seldom is a professional guide, wilderness outfitter, boatman and packer whos business went down hill when the freely flowing Colorado River was stopped by a dam, the dam which had plugged up Glen Canyon, the heart of his river, the river of his heart (63). Every time Seldom passes over the Glen Canyon dam he prays for a little old pre-cision-type earthquake to free his trapped river (33). nbsp; In The Monkey Wrench Gang, Abbey is able to tap into the readers thoughts by presenting the characters persuasive opinions. All of Abbeys characters are very strong believers in the survival of the desert and its inhabitants and they risk their lives several times just to keep it alive. All this fantastic effort- giant machines, road networks, strip mines, . . .high-voltage power lines; the devastation of the landscape, the destruction of Indian homes . . . Indian burial grounds; the poisoning of the last big clean-air reservoir in the forty-eight contiguous United States, the exhaustion of precious water supplies-all that ball-breaking labor and all that back-breaking expense and all that heartbreaking insult to land and sky and human heart, for what? All for what? Doc- (160). nbsp; Down below the metal monsters roared, bouncing on rubber through the cut in the ridge, dumping their loads and thundering up the hill for more. The green beasts of Bucyrus,Show MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesPhoto: S.I.N./Corbis ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 606 606 MINISTRY OF SOUND with no links to the local drugs gangs. He even hired a psychoanalyst to cope with the gangland threats that followed his drugs crack-down: If they say ‘we’re going to kill you’, you know what you’re up against. But the threats [from London’s East End drugs gangs] are much more sinister. The word is fed back that if the business is cut off, they will follow you home, go for your family, stab you

Seeing the situations that over rule an administration Free Essays

Seeing the situations that over rule an administration everyday makes an administrator of the school wonder with regards which part of education does the institution still needs to work with besides the aspect of student achievement. It could not be denied that the institution has already reached its peak aim of producing student achievers who are both academically and athletically serious about their schooling. However, besides just the idea of achieving, the proposal that follows tries to embark on the idea of making certain changes with regards the morality of the students as this is one of the most neglected areas of importance in the institution. We will write a custom essay sample on Seeing the situations that over rule an administration or any similar topic only for you Order Now PRESENTING ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT MODELS IN A SCHOOL ALREADY CITED FOR HIGH STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT Section 1: Introduction 1. 1 Background of the Study The schools and other educational institutions today are facing large problems regarding the issue on the students’ lack of self discipline resulting to under-achievements of the students in the school as well as violence within the school premises. How close are these two issues related to each other? Mostly, the age-stage of which the student enters when he attends secondary school is ranged as the puberty stage of an individual’s growth. According to psychologists, this particular stage of growth introduces an individual to several major decisions that he has to face along the way towards his maturity. Hence, confusion of priorities and aggravation of depression through the environment occurs (Coon, 1999, 88). As reports could attest to this fact, it is not that hard to understand that there is an essential need of restructuring the procedures of the school when it comes to disciplining students who are attending secondary education. This is the reason why the researcher of this paper opted to discuss the issue mentioned. The timeliness of the research would indeed help in solving the problems at present especially with regards the issues of education, discipline and student achievements. 1. 2 Significance of the Problem The problem as mentioned earlier directly affects the achievements of the students in their schools. This means that because of the lack of discipline, the students of the secondary school level face the challenges of being misaligned when it comes to their focus and at some point become highly attracted to drugs and violence. This is the fact when it comes to school procedures. The actual reports that pertain to the said issue are indeed much disturbing and further more alarming to the institutional boards. As most of the schools affected by this dilemma are public educational institutions at [79%] whilst Private schools are affected by at least [45%], it is indeed necessary to identify the reasons behind the incidents that lead to students’ lesser interest in school and a higher rate of attraction towards drugs and violence. Through the proceedings of this particular research, it is expected that the reasons behind the ongoing issue in schools would be further regulated and controlled by institutional administrations through the use of psychological and psychosocial motivation. 1. 3 Research Questions To be bale to attend to the most important issues related to this particular problem, the researcher decided to use the following questions as guidelines for the completion of this particular study: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚     What are the primary sources of the discipline of the students? Do those sources pertain to the personal or the social connection of the students to the society? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚     How are students reacting to the discipline that they learn from their homes and from their environment? What are the elements that are so far affecting the vision of the students towards their achievements in school as well as towards their future? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚     How are drugs and violence related to the effects of lack of discipline among students? These particular questions shall serve as the primary foundation of the study. These questions shall be the settling ground of the researcher in finding the right sources for the completion of this paper as well as deciding on the right method to be used to collect actual data for the validation of this study. 1. 4 Purpose of the Study To add up to the stress that this study places on the topic to be discussed in this paper, the following presentation of the purposes would primarily support the existing statements of the problem to assist in the validation of the facts that are to be presented. The purposes of this study are: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚     TO assist the ongoing researches on school students’ discipline issues and help the institutions solve the impending results of the said problems. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚     To make assessments on how the issues could be investigated through the use of psychological assessments and actual-report-based evaluations of the situation. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚      To strengthen the procedures of student motivation that is already currently used in schools in the society today. The utilization of these purposes within the completion of this study certainly helps in aligning the focus of the researcher. Hence, by doing so, the researcher expects that the focus would be on the cycle of events that involve The source of discipline, the results of the influential elements of the environment to the discipline of the students and the future of the students afterwards. Section 2: Literature Review 2. 1 What Psychology Says and how Anthropology Relates Both psychology and anthropology concentrate on the behavioral study of humans. Through the use of the said studies, the reasons behind the occurring behaviors of students in secondary school could be well identified. With regards the issue on discipline and how it affects the students, Psychologists claim that the situation is much controlled by the upbringing of the students. The original discipline that they receive from their homes are supposed to be the basis of why they act the way they do when they are already mingling with their peers or with the society as it is. (Coon, 1999, 89) Moreover, girls of the same age are differently reacting to the discipline that they receive from their homes compared to that of the boys. Anthropological studies attest to the claims of psychology as the said field of human understanding particularly points out the instance by which the discipline received by students from their homes are directly affected by the elements of the environment when they already begin to mingle with their peers or the society. As mentioned earlier, the effects vary. To young girls, the discipline that they receive from their homes are more likely more evident in their system of dealing with others as young girls are expected to be more emotionally and personally attached to the their families compare to that of the boys who are at some point more affected by the elements of change that they encounter in dealing with other people especially with their peers (Coon, 1999, 90). Knowing the sources of the discipline, it is essential to evaluate the claims of both psychology and anthropology through the use of the actual reports that are further presented for better understanding of the readers. How to cite Seeing the situations that over rule an administration, Papers

My Summer Vacation free essay sample

I didnt understand what [insert name] was talking about with this dolphin high, but then I kinda figured out what he was trying to say. If I ran around the yard really fast with the lawnmower, my brain would get endolphins that make you high. So, I grabbed the lawnmower and raced off to finish mowing the grass so that I could be high too. It worked! We sat there laughing about being paid to get high. The rest of my summer vacation was spent mowing grass, painting a garage, and in helping my dad put new cupboards into the kitchen for my mom. They never suspected that I was getting high on dolphins while I was working. Parents are pretty dumb about that stuff; they thought that I was smiling because I liked getting paid. Well, the pay was good too because I made enough to buy a new [insert item] at a back to school sale. We will write a custom essay sample on My Summer Vacation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On this summer vacation I learned that I want to exercise more so that I can play sports at school, and then teach the whole team how to get high on endolphins. Adults are so stupid trying to get high on drugs and alcohol while dolphins are still legal. Kids are smart. We know a good thing when we see it. Theres nothing like spending your summer vacation getting high legally, and getting paid to go do it. [Teachers name] I asked my Mom to read this summer vacation essay before I turn it in, and she wants you to write her a note that I can take home with me to explain what endolphins are. My big sister says they are endorphins, not dolphins, but she always lies to me to get me in trouble at back to school time. Thank you. The end.

Memory Essays - Mnemonics, Rhetoric, Memory, Dialectic, Free Essays

Memory Essays - Mnemonics, Rhetoric, Memory, Dialectic, Free Essays Memory Question 4: There are many techniques which have been developed to increase the efficiency of memory . Select 3 techniques , discuss them in detail and present examples of when they can be used. In the world today it is a must to be able to remember things. Memory is a big part in everyones life. Their is hardly a day that goes by when you do not have to remember something. If someone doesnt have a great memory it could cause somewhat of a down fall in their professional life. In this paper I will discuss three different memorization habits and how they can be contributed to ones everyday lifestyle. One of many ways that help people memorize things is in a verbal sense called Rhymes. Rhyming is an easy way for someone to memorize certain things. This method is most common with children in school. Many people that grow up still remember these little detailed Rhymes that help them get threw school. Rhymes are nothing other than little sayings which sometimes make no sense , but when repeated in your mind it helps your recall what is need to know . The Rhyme that I remember best was used in math class I ate and ate until I was sick on the floor eight times eight equals sixty-four that saying is really kind of ridiculous , but I always new what eight times eight was . There are so many sayings out there and everyone of them will help anyone memorize. Rhymes have been and always will have a big impact on helping people in memorization. Another strategy to help on to memorize things is called Acrostics. Acrostics is nothing more than a saying in which the first letter of each word of the saying is the cue to help recall information you need to know . This method is very similar to the method of Rhyming , but you only use the one letter from each word to represent the cue for your needed information. One of the Acrostic phrases that many people were taught for learning notes in music class was Every good boy does fine . This saying helps people remember notes E, G, B, D, and F , which are five main chords, in order , used in music. Acrostic is not used as much as Rhyme; however, though they are very similar in style. Many people use this method , but really have no idea what it is called nor really care as long as it works , and it does . All people tend to do things the easy way , and their is nothing wrong with that as long as it works . There are certain methods for everything and it always helps to have some help when needed.The third method that will be discussed is the method of Loci. The m ethod of Loci involves taking an imaginary walk along a familiar path where images of items to be remembered are associated with certain locations . The first step is to commit to memory a series of loci, or places along a path. Usually these loci are specific locations in your home or neighborhood. Then envision each thing you want to remember in one of these locations. Try to form vivid images . When you need to remember the things , imagine yourself on your path , which should serve as cues for the retrieval of the images you have formed ( Wayne Weiten, 2000 ). The usefulness of Loci helps assure yourself of remembering items in a certain order and the order is determined by the location sequence along the certain path. In this paper I have discussed and gave examples for three different ways to improve ones memory. There are many other methods in to help with memorization ;however , I believe these are the three most common used help methods. Each method has its own direct way in helping one to memorize something for long periods of time. Memorizing is a everyday thing that is nearly necessary for everyday life. People have methods for doing everything and just because you do something one way doesnt make that the only right

How to Write a Novel 5 Key Steps Every Good Book Needs [Template]

How to Write a Novel 5 Key Steps Every Good Book Needs [Template] How to Write a Novel: 5 Key Steps Every Good Book Needs [Template] If you misunderstand how to write a novel with the proper story structure, your book will never sell.Harsh, but true. And thats why were here to tell you the exact methods that skyrocketed the popularity of books like The Hunger Games and the Divergent series.Here are the steps for how to write a novel:The Setup for writing a novelThe Inciting IncidentThe First Slap of a novelThe Second SlapThe Climax of a novelBut before we dive right into those, we have to understand your unique writing methodin order for you to understandhow to write a novel in a way thats best for you.What is a Novel?A novel is a work of fiction told through narrative prose focusing on characters and a plot with at least some degree of realism.Essentially, a novel is a long story in which a message, theme, and plot are revealed slowly over the course of scenes and chapters that make up a bigger storyline.How Many Words in a Novel?The exact number of words that make up a novel varies greatly depending on the genre and personal taste, however, a book is considered a novel if it has more than 50,000 words.But that doesnt mean your book will be that long. You have to learn how many words are in your novel.Below is a table detailing how many words make up a novel in each respective genre, as some are typically longer than others.Type of WritingWord CountPages in a Typical BookExampleShort story100 - 15,0001 - 24 pages"The Gift of the Magi" by O. HenryNovella30,000 - 60,000100 - 200 pages"A Clockwork Orange" by Anthony BurgessNovel60,000 - 100,000200 - 350 pages"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone": by JK RowlingEpic Novel120,00 - 220,000+400 - 750+ pages"Game of Thrones" by George R.R. MartinKeep in mind that these are a baseline. You want to make sure your novel is in the ballpark word count for your genre and target audience but just remember that you can easily go over or under depending on how well the story is craftedand if it covers our 5 key milestones it will be craftedwell.How do you plan a novel? Your Novel Structure Breakdown ( Template)Planning a novel involves coming up with your plot, character development, knowing your audience, and outlining your book.Coming up with your plot involves knowing which genre you want to write or even utilizing a list of writing prompts to get your thoughts moving.Character development is one of the most vital parts of your novel. Take the time to know your characters and protagonist well before you start writing in order to better plot your novel to fit how they act.Your audience will dictate the type of content in your plot. You can always plot first and then decide if youll be writing young adult, new adult, adult, or even middle grade. Just make sure you categorize your novel correctly in order to reach the right audience.Once you know the above, youre ready to outline your novel. First, however, you have to figure out if youre a pantser, plotter, or somewhere in between before you can outline your book.If you want to hav e a solid fill-in-the-blank template, we have three story structures for planning your novel.Fill out the form below to gain access! Whats the Difference Between Pantser Versus PlotterA plotter is someone who plans out their novel with an outline before actually writing, whereas a pantser is someone who writes with seemingly no direction they write by the seat of their pants.Are you a plotter or a pantser?Fiction authors tend to fall into one of two buckets when writing their books.PantsersThese are writers who basically only have a few vague elements about the story in mind when they start writing, but nothing else.One of the most famous pantsers is Stephen King. In interviews, Stephen King has said that he often has an idea of the beginning, the premise, and a vague idea how it’s all going to end – and that’s all he needs to start writing his book.PlottersThese are writers who need to know every piece of their story, down to the minute detail, before they will write a single word. They have full, complete outlines that serve as a guide for their writing.They will know who each and every one of their characters are, what their motivations are, the chapters needed for the book, chapter sections, and in some cases, even paragraphs. Probably the most famous plotter out there is James Patterson.Knowing if youre a plotter or pantser will dictate your entire writing process.Clearly, it’s possible to be successful whether you’re a plotter or pantser. But here’s the harsh reality: whereas Stephen King and James Patterson sit on opposite extremes of the ‘Outline Spectrum’, most of us fall somewhere in between.But that still doesn’t answer the question:Are you a pantser or a plotter?My best advice is to be something in between. Someone who looks beyond the â€Å"outline† of a novel, and identifies something much more important in their story†¦the 5 key milestones were about to reveal to you. How to Write a Novel with 5 Key Milestones of Every Successful NovelMost novels and movies have five key points that make up the core of their story its a formula thats been around for longer than books have.This may not even be something authors do intentionally but rather, these are what make a story (even spoken) good and captivating.What’s more, these milestones are something that readers have subconsciously been trained to look for when digesting a piece of fiction. In other words, if you don’t have these five key moments, your reader is likely to turned off of your story because it didn’t meet expectations set by the hundreds (if not thousands) of stories they have already digested before yours.Lets get started.#1 The Setup when writing a novelThis is where you make your story promise and write an introduction that pulls readers in.Heres a solid resource for how to start a story if you need a few more tips.You tell your reader what kind of story it will be – a comedy, drama, mystery, fantasy, sci:In the Hunger Games, we meet Katniss. From her surroundings, it is obvious that she is poor, and as soon as she steps outside of her wooden shack we see hovering drones.Within the first few pages of this book, we have learned three essential things:This book is a dramaKatniss is our heroine and she has a miserable lifeSURPRISE! There are drones and other technologies that indicate this to be a sci:Katniss volunteers! In the Hunger Games, the inciting incident is irreversible because – quite literally – soldiers grab Katniss, whisk her away from her world, and into the world of the games.There is no escape.And even if she could get away, she would be hunted by the Capital for the rest of her life. With those two simple words, â€Å"I volunteer!† her life has changed forever.Note: There is an exception to this rule when it comes to romances.With romances, the inciting incident is almost always when the two lovebirds meet. (Not always, but for the vast majority of romances, this is the case.) With romances, try to create an inciting incident that si multaneously shows how perfect these two people are for each other while setting up the numerous reasons why they can’t be together.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Answer these questions in full and complete the brainstorming activity. What is your inciting incident? Is it strong enough? Are there ways you could up the stakes or shorten the timeline? How can you make it your inciting incident as impactful and irreversible as possible?Brainstorm several inciting incidents†¦ Don’t settle for one. Take a look at your inciting incidents and ask yourself this: Which one of these is the harshest, deadliest inciting incident of the bunch. Then pick that one.#3 The First SlapNow, we are away to the races for writing a novel!Over the next few chapters, your character should be making a series of gains and losses, where the aggregate result is that their situation is slightly better than what it was at the moment of the inciting incident.The reason why we need this up ward trajectory is because we are setting up the reader for the first slap.The first slap is the moment when everything that our hero has gained is lost in fell swoop. Your hero is brought down to zero. In other words, all gains are lost, and your hero’s situation has never been bleaker.The greater the fall, the more engaged your reader will be.First Slap Example:In the Hunger Games, Katniss’s world is brought down to zero when she actually enters the Games.Between the inciting incident on the first slap, Katniss has made several gains, garnering the attention of the Capital and making some friends along the way. But none of that matters the moment she enters the Games – and what a moment it is.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Brainstorm what your first slap can be. Like with the inciting incident, try to come up with 3:In the Hunger Games, the second slap is when the Game Masters announce that two tributes can survive the Games should they both be from the same district.Katniss goes looking for Peeta, only to find him mortally wounded – he is bleeding to death and won’t survive the next few hours, let alone the rest of the Games. We know enough about Katniss to realize that Peeta dying is the worst thing that could happen to her (besides her own death).But there is hope!An announcement is made that there is something at the cornucopia that the Tributes need, and Katniss just knows that there is medicine there for Peeta.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Brainstorm several seconds slaps and pick the harshest one. Then ask yourself: where is the hope and how will it lead into the climax?#5 The ClimaxThe rollercoaster that you’ve put your reader on is almost over.The reader has gone from an engaging setup where they get to learn about your characters and world to the inciting incident where everything is turned on its head.Then they are subjected to the first and second slaps where you embrace your inner sadomasochist in order to punish your hero and give the readers the thrills they so richly deserve.Now it is time to wrap it all up with the climax.There is only one rule to the climax. A rule that must be adhered to, no matter what genre you are writing in:Make it amazing! The climax should be the moment where your reader puts down the book and goes, â€Å"Holy S*%! That was awesome!†Novel Climax Example:The climax in the Hunger Games is the final confrontation between Katniss and the remaining Tributes, as well as the monsters that the Game Masters send after her. It is wrought with danger and excitement.But what makes the climax truly kickass is the poisonous berries at the end.If you don’t know what I’m talking about, pick up a copy of Hunger Games today and read it! You’ll immediately get why this scene is so amazing.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Brainstorm your kickass climactic scene! Show us how amazing, smart, resourceful, powerful your hero is when overcoming their final obstacles, but remember to make sure its realistic and makes sense for your character.There you have it: how to write a book is made much easier with your 5 key milestones. This method is particularly effective for first-time authors who are still finding their writing feet (or should I say typing fingers) and is an awesome resource that experienced writers can rely on time and again when planning their stories.The 5 Key Milestones combined with a spot-on Premise and A-Story will tell you where your story starts, where it is headed and how it will end.In other words, if you do the novel writing exercises above, you should have everything you need to get your novel to the finish line.

The Confession of Saint Patrick Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Confession of Saint Patrick - Essay Example He narrates the story of his life from his childhood through to adulthood and right up to the time before his death. This account by St. Patrick gives us an insight into the background of the prevailing times and also lending focus to the legends and the myths that shrouded his personality. This biographical account is edited by Whitely Stokes and was compiled by Beatrix Fà ¤rber and Benjamin Hazard. The language used by the author was Latin. His father was Calpornius, who was a deacon in an era much before celibacy became the rule for priests. He was a Romanized Briton. Patrick’s mother came from an upper-class Gaulish family of Martin of Tours, though Patrick does not pride himself for the fact. As time gradually rolled by, Patrick’s enslavement had a great impact on him and strengthened his faith in the Christian religion. At the very impressionable age of sixteen, he admitted in his ‘Confessions’ that he was captured and brought to Ireland to serve as a slave to a Druidic chieftan named Milchu in Dalriada, at the County Antrim. But at the age of twenty two he escaped from there and once again reunited with his parents at Britain where later he became ‘one of the first Christian clergymen in Ireland, being preceded by men such as Pallidius (c.380-457/61). His first convert was his patron Dichu, who gifted him a huge barn (sabhal) where a church was constructed and the site still retains the name of Sabhal that is pronounced as â€Å"Saul.† In Ireland, Patrick was not the first Christian missionary, because much before him were missionaries like Secundus and Pallidius who continued their active work in the south of the island. But even so, Patrick is given a lot of credence as one of the best missionaries because his teachings had a great impact especially in provinces like Ulster and Connaught where there were no Christians before. He came across as a man who possessed a deep love for God and courageous enough to face

What are the main features of Christian teaching and practice, church Essay

What are the main features of Christian teaching and practice, church organization and life which distinguish Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, and Protestantism from one another - Essay Example In fact, the division of the religion occurred itself for the division of faith and the way of teaching pertaining to the religion and owing to various area. Roman Catholicism, which is the most popular among the three on the global perspective and have more than 1 billion members, believes in the reconciliation amidst all the smaller divisions within the religion. The Catholicism emphasizes in religious hierarchy and comprises precisely of those churches that are headed by bishops in communion with Pope, the supreme commandant of all the catholic churches. The Catholics trace their origin in apostolic succession which is believed to be found directly by Jesus Christ. The Eastern Orthodoxy finds their communion in Patriarchal Sees of the East and are is quite similar to the Roman Catholics that trace their origin through Apostolic Succession. The churches under this regime give recognition to the first three councils which are ecumenical namely Nicaea, Constantinople and Ephesus. These divisions of Christianity reject the definitions of the Council of Chalcedon and in its place, emphasizes on the Miaphysite Christology. The Eastern Orthodoxy also focuses upon the autonomy of individuals. The Protestants are the orthodox followers of Christianity and many of them identify themselves as â€Å"Christians or born-again Christians†. They maintain a neat distance with the typical confessionals of the Christian communities adhering to other faiths. Protestants strongly deviate from the faith of denominational. They declare themselves strongly as â€Å"non-denominational†. This religious segment is often guided by individual pastors and they have very little affiliation with historical

Henry Carey :: essays research papers fc

Henry Charles Carey One of the most highly regarded and best known economist of the early eighteen hundreds was Henry Carey. Of all the many American economists in the first half of the nineteenth century, the best known, especially outside of America, was Henry Carey. Being born in Philadelphia, Carey's views were that typically of an American. The manor, in which he opposed other economists and established his own theories, distinguished him as a prominent figure not only in his hometown of Philadelphia but in the entire United States. He rejected Malthus and Ricardo on several grounds and accused them of deviating from the views of Adam Smith. His belief in the revision of economic thought stemmed from the fact that early classical thinking, developed in Europe, was not suitable for a newly discovered country such as the United States which consisted of abundant land and scarce labour. These aspects will be viewed in detail while examining Carey's principle theories. However, before tackling the unprecedented theories of Carey, a description of the man's life and career, and writings should first be examined. The Life of Henry Carey He was born in 1793 in Philadelphia. He was the son of a self-made Irish immigrant, Mathew Carey. His father, whom was a leader in early American economic thinking, emigrated from Ireland on account of the political upheaval during the time. Henry Carey was also self taught and in 1821 at the age of twenty-eight assumed ownership of his fathers printing press. Carey who was a largely self-educated man, retired from active business at forty-two in order to devote the rest of his life to his literary career. Carey was known for his enormous published output. Many believe his quantity took away from the meaning he was trying to corroborate because it was rambling, repetitious, and diffused the message. The publications included thirteen books, about three thousand pages of published tracts, and perhaps an equal quantity of newspaper articles, editorials and correspondence covering economic and political topics. Here is a list of Carey=s most creditable works: Essay on the Rate of Wages (1835), The Principles of Political Economy (1837-1840), The Credit System of France, Great Britian and the United States (1838), An Answer to the Questions: What Constitutes Currency? What are the Causes of its Unsteadiness? And what is the Remedy? (1840), The Past, Present, and the Future (1848), The Harmony of Interest (1851), The Principles of Social Science (1857-1860), and The Unity of Laws as Exhibited in the Relations of Physical, Social, Mental, and Moral Science (1872).

Southern United States and White People

DBQ Essay Many African Americans gained freedom of slavery from 1775 to 1830 during the same period the institution of slavery was expanded. Slavery was expanded because of the profits from growing cotton and the industrialization the North had. Although there were free African Americans in America, they were still mocked. (Doc . I) The people during this time period were still ignorant and were not enlightened. David Walker was a free African American who proposed to white people since it was quite similar to the American Revolution. (Doc.J) Walker showed the white people that African Americans deserved freedom. Some slaves did not want to wait for the white people to grant them there freedom, so therefore they took action to gain that freedom. (Doc. G) As the African American took action, Nat Turner started his own riot and killed about 50 people. This would be the reason why slaves should not be given freedom since they were violent. During the earlier time period, indentured serv ants were offered by the British with freedom in America if they joined the British. (Doc.A) This was agreeable to the slaves because they were no longer helpless. However, slaves attempted to runaway because the price was high to gain freedom. The British lost the war and did not keep the promise for slaves. The slaves were seen as savages; they would be in danger in society but also to themselves if they were freed. (Doc. E) If slaves were freed, the white and African Americans would not be getting along because there are not planters. In Doc. C, the picture showed the difference between the percentages of the slaves from 1790 to 1830.The North did have enough industry so they had to let go some of the slaves. The South gained a lot of slaves in order to keep their industry wealthy. In the south slaves were used on plantations to grow their cotton, tobacco, and sugar. There were many challenges that led both slaves and free African Americans to work hard to gain their freedom. The y had some help with the North as well. Without the three groups, King Cotton, King Wheat, and King Corn, working together, slavery would have been continuing for the longest time.

African American Social Studies Teachers - 1587 Words

This study examines the life histories of three African American social studies teachers, focusing on the evolution and changes in their identities, perspectives, and attitudes related to their profession and instructional practice. In addition, the study addresses the significance of the teachers’ racialized experiences as African Americans and how these experiences influence their use of culturally relevant pedagogy to teach their African American students. Overview Disparities exist in educational opportunities given to minority students Lack of relevant instruction that addresses cultural and social needs of minority students Social studies curriculum designed to promote Eurocentric ideologies and instructional strategies To add†¦show more content†¦s on productive community and cultural practices Uses and extends indigenous language Reinforces community ties and encourages service to family, community, nation, race, and world Supports cultural continuity and critical consciousness Empowers students by presenting information that connects directly with the student Critical Race Theory Focuses on how race operates in schools and society—the effects of race on school practices, policies, structures, and teaching Suggests that inherent problems of the racial order and racial privilege have impeded the ability of â€Å"schools to function as tools of empowerment for racially marginalized students† Emancipatory Teaching: Incoporating the perspectives and histories of underrepresented cultures by addressing a myriad of issues, such as social justice, democratic citizenship, and racial and gender inequalities Counter storytelling: Challenges educational discourses and perspectives that focus solely on the experiences and beliefs of White teachers Life History Methodology Addresses development, knowledge, changes in teacher practice attributed to lived experiences Acknowledges that many factors contribute to the teaching process and require study within a greater social cultural, and historical context Emphasizes understanding of the relationship and the complex interaction between an individual’s life and context â€Å"Teachers’ lives outside schools, their latent identities and cultures, have an important impact on

Essay on Gender Roles in Society - 1178 Words

Gender Roles in Society Gender role is a commonly discussed subject in society. Gender role simply defined is a persons inner sense of how a male or female should feel and behave. Society and culture are also very important in relation to this subject. This means different societies and cultures may produce children and later, grown men and women, who have quite different views of a man or a womans place in the world around them, often determined by their cultures gender stereotypes. These topics will be explained and compared to each other later on. How to implement a gender free childcare environment will also be discussed. Children begin to learn their gender roles at a very young age. Boys must learn what boys and men†¦show more content†¦However, our children and we still mainly see very traditional gender roles portrayed in the entertainment media that influence us so much. For example, the plot in very few television shows or movies would have the woman go out to fight the bad guys while the man stayed home to make sure the kids went to bed on time. Now lets compare some differences between gender roles in traditional Chinese and Canadian culture. During the important early developmental years, when children are learning their gender roles and how to be, think and act as a girl or a boy, a young Chinese girl will be taught, often cruelly, that her value to the family is less than a males. She will do chores around the house, while her brother may not help at all, and she will see this sexual division of labor carried out by her parents and other siblings. Her father will often devote much greater attention to her brother, talking to him from a very young age about such male subjects as business and going out in the world. He will be encouraged to be active and outgoing, while she will be required to remain submissive and obedient. The boy will often have many more toys than she does - his trucks and plastic guns outnumbering her dolls. From early on, she will understand that any resources for education or career will be almost all reserved for the male children. Her gender role is notShow MoreRelatedGender Roles in Society10 47 Words   |  4 PagesBroadly conceptualized, gender roles are what our society expects and values in their community. They shape our behavior and values, thoughts and feelings, even going so far as to denote a person’s worth. Gender roles are present in everyday situations. In the past they strictly dictated the behavior of people in the community (the right to vote, occupations women were allowed to work in), though in the recent past have become more subtle and more successfully challenged. In some instances they areRead MoreGender Roles and Society 1021 Words   |  5 PagesChanging Gender Roles in Our Society: Women’s Education and Employment Education and employment go hand in hand now a day in order to become financially successful in life. These are two unmistakably major parts of society today. In order to become successful a good job is needed, and in order to get the job a good education is needed as well. But women especially need to emphasize more in these two subjects than men; due to past gender discrimination which brought on Equal Employment OpportunityRead MoreGender Roles And The Society1924 Words   |  8 PagesGender Roles and Inequity are important because we live in a society that is very judgmental. Many women have struggled with the chance to have equal opportunities as men before I was even thought about coming into this world. Many families remain together because of the work the woman puts in. However the woman never gets the acknowledgement they deserve for their commitment. The effort and devotion of the woman has always been unshakable in all cultures. However, the honor and accountabil ity womenRead MoreGender Roles And The Society1924 Words   |  8 PagesGender Roles and Inequity are important because we live in a society that is very judgmental. Many women have struggled with the chance to have equal opportunities as men before I was even thought about coming into this world. Many families remain together because of the work the woman puts in. However the woman never gets the acknowledgement they deserve for their commitment. The effort and devotion of the woman has always been unshakable in all cultures. However, the honor and accountability womenRead MoreThe Evolution of Gender Roles and its Role in Society1505 Words   |  7 Pagesof gender roles in society, stereotypes generally come to mind. Throughout history these stereotypes have only proven to be true. Major historical events have had a huge impact on the way men and women are seen and treated. In this way, women have always been secondary to males and seen as the fragile counterparts whose job is t o take care of the household and most importantly, be loyal to her husband no matter the circumstance. Gender roles throughout history have greatly influenced society. TheRead MoreGender Roles In Modern Society728 Words   |  3 PagesGender is an integral part of social practices of human interaction. It influences on all aspects of a persons life such as self-assertion and self-development, family, work, school, etc. Through the gender lens a person perceives any kind of information and passes it to the surrounding world by using a gender display. The process of gender socialization and the content of gender stereotypes has great importance not only for the life of an individual, but also for the progressive development ofRead MoreGender Roles Of Society And The Bible Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesGender Roles in Society and the Bible Upon losing the election to become the 45th president of the United States, Hillary Clinton gave a concession speech and told â€Å"all the little girls who are watching this...never doubt that you are valuable and powerful and deserving of every chance and opportunity in the world to pursue and to achieve your own dreams† (Clinton). While Candidate Hillary Clinton said these girls are â€Å"deserving of every chance,† our society may prove otherwise. Although women todayRead MoreGender Roles And Its Effects On Society1405 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles In Todays Society Are Due To Nurture Society today places many ideals when it comes to proper behaviours regarding gender roles. These are considered societal norms that are widely debated and controversial. Society has created a norm, which encompasses specific expectations and rules that change the daily lives of men and women, giving them specific tasks and behaviours to abide by. These standards are known as gender roles, which are defined as distinguishing actions, thoughts, andRead MoreGender Roles And Its Effect On Society1278 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the moment we are born we are put into one of two categories, boy or girl. We are never asked or considered to be anything but. No in between, no blurred lines. And because of the society we created, we attach extensive stereotypes to each of those genders. This is simply known as gender roles, or more specifically; â€Å"a set of societal norms dictating what types of behaviors are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on their actual or perceived sex†. ThisRead MoreGender Roles, Masculinity, And Society999 Words   |  4 Pages It is accepted in society today that, for domestic disturbances, women are abused by their husbands and boyfriends, not the other way around. The reason for this is that men are conditioned ever since they were even babies to fit into this masculine gender role that hurts them and those who surrounding them. Many who are conditioned since birth to be masculine which can have a massive impact on them later in life to make them emotionally stunted. Media also displays the model that men cannot be

Dating and Marriage in Japan Essay - 1125 Words

Japan Dating Marriage Customs Project Love is in the air. Although this may sound like a cliche it is true. Love is prevalent in every society all around the world. The feelings associated with love may be the same all over, but how love is approached can vary. Dating and marriage customs are different from country to country; Japan, in particular has very unique dating and marriage procedures. Japan is a located in Southeastern Asia. The Japanese tend to share some very different ideas concerning dating and marriage. However, some of our beliefs and morals have spread into the culture of the Japanese. Nevertheless, Japan holds strong to their roots and their unique culture. Similarly, we tend to narrow our beliefs on their ideas as†¦show more content†¦In general, a Japanese person will live with their parents until they are officially married, this also means during the dating process. This is different from the more western tradition of moving in once the relationship is getting serious. The Japanese refrain from moving in with each other to prevent the couple from having sex before they are married. However, this doesn’t prevent sexual activity during the relationship. The couple could go to love hotels, karaoke booths, the backs of cars, and public parks. This isn’t a taboo topic, but it isnt openly discussed either. Japanese people also stay with their parents until marriage to motivate themselves to get married at some point in their lives, rather than live with their parents for the rest of their days. Additionally, if one lives with their parents for too long and the parents are not okay with this, the parents will then resort to marrying off the child. Although arranged marries aren’t the tradition anymore, it is used as a last resort. But, a child can have an arranged all together. In the previous generations arranged marriages were the custom thing to have, but the recent generation has progressed, and it is now accepted to date around and pick a spouse. In Japan, there are not just certain ways are done, there’s the way things are supposed to be done. Thus, culture is culture, and formalities are formalities. TheirShow MoreRelatedDating : Dating And Marriage1735 Words   |  7 Pages Dating and marriage in Japan has many aspects to it. In the start of the relationship, the physical intimacy of it is a slow process (Kincaid, 2014). Kissing, hugging, and sex do not come until the couple can confess their love together or also called kokuhaku. I will come back to the meaning of this, but first before dating there is a phase called gokon. During this phase a group of friends get together and mingle with each other. Sometimes they can have bling group dates. 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According to Okano and Tsuchiya that â€Å"Japan education can be split into pre-warRead MoreProstitution in South East Asia917 Words   |  4 PagesProstitution in South East Asia In the countries of South East Asia, prostitution is an issue that has been going on for years. Dating back to pre communist era in Japan and Vietnam where it grew larger, prostitution is an issue in Asia. Due to economic, political and class factors prostitution is an easy way to make money but it’s the women who are put into the spotlight. The girls are put into prostitution to bring money into the household, pay off debts, and keep themselves out of poverty

Persuasive Fishing Free Essays

General purpose: To Persuade Specific purpose: To persuade the audience to go fishing this summer. Central Idea: Fishing is fun and easy Pattern: Topical Pattern Introduction: I have been fishing for 10+ years and really enjoy it and would love to share this hobby of mine with others. Body: There are so many ways to fish and I would like to share with you some information on my favorite ways to fish. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Fishing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bow fishing is my favorite way to catch fish and it begins around May when the temperature is constantly warm and last thru ought the summer. Some gear you will have to have is a bow a recurve or a compound it doesn’t matter but if you are not the best with a bow the best bow for you would be the compound because you have sights on the bow. A retriever reel and an arrow with any kind of tip will work. And the way the fish is swimming threw the water you must aim below where you see the fish at, it’s difficult at first but it gets easier. Cat fishing can be done anytime during the summer day or night. I prefer night time because there are less people fishing and the fish are more active. But the down side to fishing at night you must then bring a light or build a fire to see the end of your poles. The first thing you will need is a fishing pole with a heavy weight on the end of the fishing line with a treble hook around half a foot up from the weight you do this because cat fish usually stay toward the bottom of the lake or river. What I found works the best and smells the worst is punch bait and you push the treble hook down into the punch bait with a stick because if you get it on your hands they will stink for a while. And another good bait to catch the catfish with is chicken livers and they are a little more difficult to put on the hook. Conclusion: Fishing is a great and relaxing hobby to try out. How to cite Persuasive Fishing, Essays

Routines of Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the Routines of Decision Making. Answer: Introduction Consumer buying behaviour is an important concept for marketing purposes. It is a subjective topic that needs careful analysis and study. Buying behaviour differs from person to person based on the perception of values for a person. Various factors determine the buying behaviour of a person. Generally, consumers purchase typical products for satisfaction of wants and demands. These types of consumers are known as typical consumers. However, there are exceptions to every phenomenon. There are customers that purchase non-typical products (Xu, 2015). These are non-typical consumers that purchase uncommon and rare products based on their psychology and perception of value. These consumers are usually labelled as brand fanatic, early adopter, rebel, visionary resourceful etc. There are different factors that influence their buying behaviour. The report sheds critical light on the buying behaviour of a non-typical customer who indulges in the purchase of non-typical product. The purpose of the report is to shed critical light on the psychology and perception of value to the person and the factors that contribute to the buying behaviour of such customers. Profile of the subject The name of the chosen consumer is Liam Plunkett. He is 25 years old and the gender of the consumer is male. Liam Plunkett works as a teacher at Melbourne Grammar school. He is a postgraduate in the commerce and has successfully completed its masters in education. The chosen customer lives in Melbourne, Victoria and originally hails from Weyden Priors in Upper Wessex, England. Liam Plunkett has been living in Melbourne for the last 15 years. He has pursued his education from Camberwell High school and University of Melbourne. The hobby of Liam is collecting vintage articles. A special quality of Liam that separates him from other ordinary customers is the fascination and affinity to collect vintage products. He derives great pleasure and bliss in having a collection of vintage and rare products. A tendency of his buying behaviour is based on this fact. A major portion of the income of the customer is spent on buying G.I -Joes. The feature that separates him from the rest is that purc hase of toys and the fascination to collect vintage products is not a common tendency among adults and people of his age category. Typical customers spent their income on products they demand and want. Typical products are food, clothing, electronic gadgets, accessories etc. However, the affinity and the inclination to purchase items like toys in adults is a rare phenomenon, which certainly requires analysis and evaluation, in order to understand the psychology behind such occurrence. Liam can be categorized as a person who does not belong to the common crowd. His perception and outlook towards things is very different compared to others. His outlook and views on different subject matters is different, innovative and to an extent strange. His passion and hobbies are different and unique. This has a major bearing on his buying behaviour. A majority part of his income is spent on unique products. These qualities make Liam a non-typical consumer and person. Features of the product The chosen product of the customer is G.I Joe toys. As per the communication and interview with the chosen customer Liam Plunkett, it was observed that he spent a significant portion of money on G.I Joes and vintage toys. The customer had a special fantasy and inclination towards this product and it was observed that he had a huge collection of such toys. One fact that could be observed was the brand fascination towards G.I Joe and his passion towards collection of toys makes him buy this product. G.I Joes are action figure toys produced by the trademark company G.I Joe. The product is based on the comic series G.I Joes. The products represent the U.S armed forces. These products have various features and the product line comprises of toy figures ranging from 9.5 cm and follows the comic series (Yojoe.com, 2016). The toy figures comprises of US armed forces like US police, US army, US navy and US pilot, with a variety of other assistant fighters. As per the theme of the comic, it can be seen that the villains of the comic series are also a part of the product line. These toy figures are a successful product line of the company. The costumes of these toy figures are as per the costume of the character of the comics. These costumes make these toy figures very attractive and unique. The size of the products is appropriate, about 9.5 com size so the handling of these products is easy. Utility of the product to the customer As per conversation with the customer, it was observed that the product provided significant value to the customer. It has to be noted that customer satisfaction and customer buying behaviour is great dependent on the product value to the customer. Such benefit could be materialistic, while some could be psychological. In the case of the customer, the product provided great utility to the customers, and the product value was psychological. Liam is an avid reader and is a great fan of the G.I Joe comic series. He has followed every series of the comic and derived great pleasure from it. As a child he was hooked to the comic series and his mind drew imaginary parabolas and conjured up visions, which were influenced by the comic series. Thus, it can establish and explain the level of addiction and affinity he had towards the comic series. He has maintained the comics even till date and reads them in his leisure time. Liam is a gifted sketch artist and even sketches these items on the ca nvas. For Liam was not only limited to the comic series and it could be seen that he has deep and great love for the G.I Joe toy products. He has a impressive collection of the G.I Joe toy figures, which comprises of the majority of the characters that are in the comic series. For Liam, the collection of toy figures provides him immense joy. The collection is a product of his immense passion for the toys. He embarks on maintaining a complete collection of the toy figures since it satisfies his passion and provides him joy with such collection of the toys. The biggest passion of Liam is maintaining collection of G. I Joes toy figures and vintage toys. Thus, the consumption pattern of Lim helps in accomplishing his goal for maintaining the collection of G.I Joes. Customer decision making process Customer decision making process is an important concept that explains how customers plan to spend their income on the satisfaction of their demands and needs. Customer decision making process explains the various stages, which determines the customer buying behaviour. The five values influencing the customer buying behaviour is an important model that describes the customer buying behaviour. According to this model, there are five stages that is involved in the decision making process for the customers (Tukej Golob Podnar, 2013). The five stages are described below: Recognition of demands and needs The first stage in the decision making process is the realisation and recognition of the needs and wants for a customer. Firstly, a customer needs to recognize and realise a specific demands, which will satisfy the wants and desires of the customers. There has to be a specific lag between the actual situation of the customers and the desired and the ideal situation. This is an important fact in this case since it will determine what the customer wants to buy. It has to be noted a customer will only purchase an item only if there is a need and desire to buy a product. If there is want and need, there will be demand. The arousal of wants and desires could be triggered by two factors. These are internal stimuli and external stimuli. Internal stimuli refer to the psychological element that triggered the want and desire of product. For example, need for food and water is internal stimuli. External stimuli refer to external factors like advertisement and brand image of a product. Maslow Hierarchy of needs refers to various types of needs that humans want. These needs are : Psychological needs Safety needs Social needs Need of love Self actualization needs Maslows hierarchy of needs explains the phenomenon as to how the needs and wants of human beings change from one level to another depending on their level of intensity of the needs and wants. It is a proven fact that human wants and needs are insatiable and never ending (Liu Han 2013). Seeking of information The second stage in customer decision making process is the seeking for information. Once the need and want is recognized, it becomes important that the solution to satisfy the needs and wants has to be recognized. A customer will require solutions to satisfy the needs and wants. For this purpose, a customer will need solutions for this. The information could be obtained internally and at the same time, the information can be secured from external sources. The internal sources refer to the fact the information can be secured from the memory and experience of the customer and external information could be advertisement and word to mouth stuff (Glimcher and Fehr, 2013). Therefore, the second stage pertains to the seeking of information or solution for satisfying wants and needs for a person. Assessment for different options After getting necessary information for satisfaction of the needs and wants, a customer will try to juggle with the various options that are at the disposal. A customer will try to evaluate and assess the various options that a customer could use (Betsch Haberstroh, 2014). A customer will try to avail to the best possible option. The best possible option for a customer will be able to satisfy the needs and wants of the customer in the best way. Thus, evaluation and assessment of options is the third stage in the customer decision making process. Purchase Purchasing of products is the fourth stage in the customer decision making process. After the evaluation process, a customer will require to make real purchase of products. This will help to satisfy the needs and wants of a customer. The purchase decision will be based on the product and brand that the customer wants (Cina, 2013). The purchase decision will be influenced by the information and the evaluation of the information that a customer has assessed in the prior stages. Post-purchase emotions In the post purchase stage, a customer will evaluate his satisfaction and utility that was derived from the product. Product utility and brand reputation plays major role in this process. This is the fifth and the final stage in the customer decision making process. A customer will try to evaluate the fact that if the product was able to help the customer in accomplishing the goals and objectives of the customers. This will play a major factor in the recurrence of the demand of the product in future. The level of satisfaction will be the deciding factor in the demand of the product or brand loyalty (Solomon, 2014). The expected value and the actual value are compared and on the basis of this, the satisfaction level will be determined. This will determine the product loyalty and the brand loyalty that a customer will have towards a product or a brand. In the case of Liam, it can be seen the post purchase behaviour plays a major role in his buying behaviour. The passion of Liam, which is to collect G.I Joes and other vintage toys are satisfied with the purchase of the toy figures. The expected level of value surpasses his actual value and thus, his satisfaction level since it helps him to accomplish his goals and objectives, which he intends to fulfil from the purchase. Consumption process As per the interview with Liam, the consumption pattern is explicitly seen. The demands and needs of Liam occur when there are new supplies of the toy figures in the nearest retail toy shop. The G.I Joes toy figures have gone through various stages of change in design and structure. More advanced versions of the toy figures have been released based on the latest movies made on G.I Joes. Therefore, his demand and need for the product rises when there are new supplies or launch of new and advanced products in the market. Liam purchases the toy figures from the nearest retail toy shop that deals exclusively in these toy figures and other vintage toys. The toy shop is named Little Corner, which is located in Melbourne. Liam is able to purchase all his requirements from these shops and add to his G.I Joes galore. The shop keeps upgrading its stocks with new and latest collection of toys, especially in respect of G.I Joes. G.I. Joes shares his toys with his nieces and nephews. Resources of the consumer Resources are the most influential factors when it comes to consumption processes. In this case, it has to be kept in mind that a consumer will have to assess and evaluate the resources that will play an important role in buying behaviour of the consumers. As per the conversation with the consumers, it was seen that the resources played an important role in the buying behaviour and decision making process. Time and money were an important factor for Liam in this case. The toy shop from where Liam purchased these products where in close proximity to his house. It took him 10-15 minutes by foot to travel to the shop to make his purchases. Thus, one thing that worked in favour of Liam was that he was able to save time and money in regards of conveyance and it was easy for him to travel to shop to make the purchases. Another factor that worked in the favour of Liam regarding the buying behaviour was the nominal and appropriate price. Even though, Liam had brand loyalty towards G.I Joes, the prices of the toy figures were nominal, which increased the satisfaction level for him and made it easier for him to fulfil his needs and demands and accomplish his satisfaction level in the process. Consumers perception about the product On interviewing Liam, his views and perceptions about the product were exposed and highlighted. The nature and behaviour of Liam has a lot to do with this fact. One of the facts is that he is an introvert person and stays aloof from social community. Liam is a creative person and dwells in his own imaginary world and as result normal products and items do not appeal much to him or satisfy his wants or desires. Another fact that can be noticed is that Liam feels very connected to the comic series and the movies series made on it. In such circumstances, the G.I Joes are a means to feed his imagination. With the toy figures, he can use his imagination and relive it with the toys. These toys are his source of entertainment during his leisure time. It helps him to feel the excitement with the toy figures. It helps him to relive the excitement that he feels while reading the comic series or while watching the movies. The toy figures are a vital source of satisfaction of his passion to main tain his passion of collecting vintage toys. The toys figures are his source of company in his time of leisure and allow him to secure bliss and serenity. Positive factors that encourage the buying behaviour of the customer Some of the positive factors that encourage the buying behaviour of Liam are: Psychological factors One of the positive facts that encourage Liam in his buying behaviour is the mental joy and serenity that he derives from such collection of the toy figures. These are psychological factors that have a deep and a positive impact on him. These toy figure serve as a major source of happiness for him. It gave him immense bliss and satisfaction, especially when he saw the collection of the toy figures increase. It also provided him the escape from the monotonous routine of life. The post purchase experience for him regarding these toys is positive and it influences him to buy to more of these toy figures since it satisfies his needs and wants and his satisfaction level is high from such products. Physical factors Physical factors relate to physical features of a product. The physical appearance of the product has deep impact on a consumer. It can be seen that in the case of Liam, the appearance of G.I Joes has a deep and strong effect on him. The G.I Joes are in appropriate in size around 9.5 cm and with attractive look and costumes, which grabs the attention of Liam. It makes his collection of toys look attractive and it decorates the display section of these toys at home. The appropriate size makes it portable and he can carry it from place to place without much hassle. The attractive and style make it another reason for him to increase his purchases of the toy figure and at the same time it positively influences his purchasing behaviour. Sweet memories of the consumer relating to the product As per the conversation with Liam, it was seen that another factor that influenced his buying behaviour was the nostalgia factor. According to Liam, there were sweet memories related to the product. These toys provided him with memories of his childhood when he read the comic series of the G.I Joes and the excitement he had when he purchased G.I Joes for the first time. As per his statement, he felt the same thrill and excitement when he purchased the toy figures. Same emotions and feelings were triggered when he purchases these products. The quotient of nostalgia is high for him regarding the purchasing and the satisfaction derived from the toys. The reminiscence of his childhood days could be felt by him. The sweet memories and the happy moments relating to the G.I Joes have a special place in the heart of Liam. It encouraged him to purchase more of such products and held a special place in the heart of Liam. It revived his days of reading G.I Joes comic and the movies watched by h im. Special connection with the brand One fact that needs to be noted is that Liam is a gritty person. He has a strong will power and has a great determination level. He took great interest in martial arts and sports in his school days. G.I Joes comic series were based on action and thrill. The toy figures were of US armed forces and depicted action and thrill. Therefore, the brand portrays action and thrill. The toy figures are armed forces and depict the concept of the brand, which is based on action, grit, determination and strong will power that are features of the characters of the G.I Joes. Liam feels a connection with the brand based on these lines. He finds congruency between his ideal and the concept of the brand. This fact draws him closer to the brand and increases his brand loyalty and product loyalty. Recommendations Some of the recommendations that were given to Liam during the conversations were: Researching on better substitutes to G.I Joes Researching on better substitutes that could provide increased and better satisfaction level to him was one of the recommendations given to him. It was suggested that he should inspect about different products that could be close substitutes to these toy figures, which could provide him higher level of satisfaction and contentment with the product. It might also give him greater product value and might also provide a better source of entertainment and leisure for him. Researching in different competitor Competitors like Funskool have brand image and have good product portfolio. Therefore, if he inspected different competitors and inspected their product, it might help him to obtain greater satisfaction. Reflection There were quite a few points that I took note after my conversation with Liam. One of the things that I learnt is that customer buying behaviour and customer decision making process is a subjective view. The mental faculties play a vital in the decision making process of a customer. My personal view is that Liam is a non-typical customer and is a person who is creative and unconventional. He does not think like normal people and has great imagination level. His demands and needs do not pertain to common products. G.I. Joes are a famous brand with attractive product line. G. I Joes are well known and reputed throughout the world. From the interview, I learnt that Liam has specific parameters and metrics for utility and satisfaction from the product. His perception about product value is different and unique. His psychology is the fundamental point that determines his satisfaction and content level from a product level. Resources also play a major role regarding customer decision maki ng process. Price and time are the two main and fundamental pillars regarding customer decision making process. Nostalgia and memories play a major in the buying behaviour of Liam. He has unique perceptions about the product and his nature and passion play and important role in creating perceptions about product and product value. The brand slogan and the concept of a brand play a vital role in determining the demand and desire of a product. The concept of G.I Joes finds congruency with the ideals and outlook of Liam. This also influences his decision. Features of a product also influences customer buying behavior and what I saw was that there were certain positive features of the toy figures that induced Liam in buying these products. Bibliography Betsch, T., Haberstroh, S. (Eds.). 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